Volume detection during voluntary and passive breathing

The ability to detect small changes in tidal volume (VT) during either volitional or passive breathing was compared in seven normal subjects. Passive breathing was achieved with positive pressure applied at the mouth by a ventilator. Although baseline breathing pattern was similar for each subject during the two types of breathing, the ability of the subjects to detect changes in VT was at least as good, and in general better, during passive as compared to volitional breathing. This suggests that the generation of a motor cortical command to inspire and the resultant respiratory muscle contraction are not essential to the perception of a change in lung volume. An increase in information from receptors in the mouth, pharynx and extrathoracic airways sensitive to positive pressure may be responsible for the increased ability of most subjects to detect changes in VT during passive breathing.