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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Fabrication of 1-D Photonic Crystal Cavity on a Nanofiber Using Femtosecond Laser-induced Ablation
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Cascaded third-harmonic generation in a single short-range-ordered nonlinear photonic crystal.

Yan Sheng1, Solomon M Saltiel, Kaloian Koynov

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany. sheng@mpip-mainz.mpg.de

Optics Letters
|March 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Efficient collinear third-harmonic generation was achieved using simultaneous phase matching in a lithium niobate nonlinear photonic crystal. This method yielded a 12% conversion efficiency, even with imperfect intermediate second-harmonic generation.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear optics
  • Photonics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Third-harmonic generation (THG) is a crucial nonlinear optical process.
  • Achieving efficient THG often requires complex phase-matching techniques.
  • Simultaneous phase matching of multiple nonlinear processes in a single crystal offers a promising route for THG enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate collinear third-harmonic generation at 526.7 nm.
  • To achieve efficient THG by simultaneously phase matching second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency mixing (SFM) in a single quadratic crystal.
  • To investigate the performance of a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) nonlinear photonic crystal with short-range order for this application.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a LiNbO3 nonlinear photonic crystal with short-range order.

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  • Employed simultaneous phase matching for SHG (discrete reciprocal vectors) and SFM (continuous reciprocal vectors).
  • Experimentally measured the conversion efficiency of the third-harmonic generation process.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully realized collinear third-harmonic generation at 526.7 nm.
    • Achieved a measured conversion efficiency of 12%.
    • Demonstrated efficient THG even when the intermediate SHG process was not perfectly phase matched.

    Conclusions:

    • Simultaneous phase matching of SHG and SFM in a single quadratic crystal is an effective method for efficient collinear third-harmonic generation.
    • LiNbO3 nonlinear photonic crystals with short-range order are suitable for such multi-process phase matching.
    • The efficiency of THG is robust to imperfections in the intermediate SHG phase matching.