Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Holographic generation of panoramic 3D scenes by concave ellipsoidal mirror reflection.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

Response to the Letter to the Editor by Hou et al. regarding "Relationship between dyspnoea and respiratory drive in mechanically ventilated patients".

Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses·2026
Same author

Relationship between dyspnoea and respiratory drive in mechanically ventilated patients: A prospective observational study.

Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: A reappraisal of association between ventilator-associated events and mortality among critically ill patients using marginal structural model: multicenter observational study.

Intensive care medicine·2025
Same author

A reappraisal of association between ventilator-associated events and mortality among critically ill patients using marginal structural model: multicenter observational study.

Intensive care medicine·2025
Same author

High-speed three-dimensional cross-sectional measurement of cultured neurons by scatterometry that improves resolution by an order of magnitude.

Optics express·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Diffraction pattern of triangular grating in the resonance domain.

Tetsuya Hoshino1, Saswatee Banerjee, Masahide Itoh

  • 1Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. hoshino@gabor.bk.tsukuba.ac.jp

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
|March 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study combines ray optics and Fraunhofer diffraction theory to calculate 2D triangular gratings. This approach simplifies the design of displays and lighting systems.

More Related Videos

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
12:57

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Published on: October 13, 2017

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
12:57

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Published on: October 13, 2017

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate modeling of diffraction gratings is crucial for optical device design.
  • Traditional methods for analyzing gratings in the resonance domain can be complex.
  • Two-dimensional triangular periodic gratings offer unique optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simplified and intuitive method for calculating the diffraction efficiency of 2D triangular periodic gratings.
  • To combine ray optics and Fraunhofer diffraction theory for grating analysis.
  • To provide a design tool for applications in displays and lighting.

Main Methods:

  • A hybrid approach combining ray optics and Fraunhofer multiple-slit diffraction theory.
  • Ray optics used for calculating the peak of the angular distribution envelope.
  • Fraunhofer theory applied to determine the peak width of the envelope.
  • Validation using rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method accurately calculates the envelope pattern of diffraction efficiency for 2D triangular gratings.
  • Ray optics effectively determines the envelope peak, while Fraunhofer theory defines its width.
  • The combined approach offers an intuitive understanding of grating diffraction behavior.
  • RCWA and FDTD methods confirm the validity of the simplified model.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of ray optics and Fraunhofer diffraction theory provides an efficient and understandable method for analyzing 2D triangular gratings.
  • This simplified approach facilitates the design and optimization of optical elements for displays and lighting.
  • The intuitive nature of the model aids in understanding the underlying physics of grating diffraction.