Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Uterus and Cervix01:18

Uterus and Cervix

The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
The uterus is securely anchored within the pelvic cavity by paired broad ligaments on either side. It is further stabilized by three pairs of...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pain in Labor: Making Plans.

The Journal of perinatal education·2023
Same author

Advancing Physiologic Birth Through Midwifery and Community Birth.

The Journal of perinatal education·2022
Same author

Celebrate Birth!-A Life's Journey.

The Journal of perinatal education·2021
Same author

Feature Article-The History of Lamaze Continues: The Legacy of Linda Harmon.

The Journal of perinatal education·2021
Same author

Feature Article-The International Childbirth Initiative: Twelve Steps to Safe and Respectful MotherBaby-Family Maternity Care.

The Journal of perinatal education·2020
Same author

Safe Childbirth: A Call to Action.

The Journal of perinatal education·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Childbirth education at the crossroads.

Judith A Lothian1

  • 1JUDITH LOTHIAN is a childbirth educator in Brooklyn, New York, a member of the Lamaze International Board of Directors, and the associate editor of the Journal of Perinatal Education . She is also an associate professor in the College of Nursing at Seton Hall University in South Orange, New Jersey.

The Journal of Perinatal Education
|March 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childbirth education attendance is decreasing as cesarean rates increase. This analysis explores the history, challenges, and need for a new model to empower women through childbirth preparation.

Keywords:
Internetcesarean rateschildbirth educationevidence-based practiceinformation-technologymaternity care practicesnormal birthpregnancy resourcespregnancy support

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Maternal Health
  • Obstetrics
  • Health Education

Background:

  • Declining attendance in childbirth classes coincides with rising cesarean section rates.
  • Historical context of childbirth education is linked to evolving maternity care practices and information access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between childbirth education attendance and cesarean rates.
  • To discuss the historical evolution and contemporary challenges of childbirth education.
  • To propose a new model for educating and empowering women regarding childbirth.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of childbirth education.
  • Analysis of trends in maternity care and information access.
  • Discussion of current challenges and future directions for childbirth education.

Main Results:

  • A decline in childbirth class attendance is noted.
  • An increase in cesarean birth rates is observed concurrently.
  • Existing models of childbirth education face contemporary challenges.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need to re-evaluate and innovate childbirth education strategies.
  • A new educational model is required to effectively empower women.
  • Addressing declining attendance and rising cesarean rates requires a modernized approach to childbirth preparation.