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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
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The normal, a continuous distribution, is the most important of all the distributions. Its graph is a bell-shaped symmetrical curve, which is observed in almost all disciplines. Some of these include psychology, business, economics, the sciences, nursing, and, of course, mathematics. Some instructors may use the normal distribution to help determine students’ grades. Most IQ scores are normally distributed. Often real-estate prices fit a normal distribution. The normal distribution is extremely...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation
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Published on: August 15, 2018

Research summaries for normal birth.

Amy M Romano1

  • 1AMY ROMANO is a midwife, author, and advocate for mother-friendly maternity care. She has provided research and advocacy support to the Lamaze Institute for Normal Birth since 2004 and now works as a home- and hospital-based midwife in Connecticut.

The Journal of Perinatal Education
|March 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers research on normal birth, including vaginal birth after cesarean, umbilical cord blood pH and child development, and antenatal nonstress testing effects on maternal anxiety.

Keywords:
antepartum fetal surveillancecesarean sectionchildbirth educationneonatal academianormal birthumbilical cord blooduterine rupturevaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC)

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Published on: August 2, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Research
  • Maternal Health

Background:

  • Normal birth practices are crucial for maternal and infant well-being.
  • Understanding factors influencing birth outcomes is essential for evidence-based care.
  • Recent literature highlights key areas of research in normal birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current research relevant to normal birth.
  • To highlight findings on vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) outcomes.
  • To review studies on umbilical cord blood pH and childhood intellectual development.
  • To examine the impact of antenatal nonstress testing on maternal anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and summary of selected research studies.
  • Analysis of a large trial on VBAC.
  • Examination of a study correlating umbilical cord blood pH with developmental outcomes.
  • Evaluation of a prospective trial on antenatal nonstress testing.

Main Results:

  • Prior vaginal births after cesarean delivery can influence subsequent birth outcomes.
  • Umbilical cord blood pH shows a link to intellectual development in children.
  • Routine antenatal nonstress testing may reduce maternal anxiety during pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • Current research provides valuable insights into optimizing normal birth experiences.
  • Evidence supports considering VBAC in appropriate cases.
  • Monitoring fetal well-being through methods like umbilical cord blood pH analysis is important.
  • Antenatal interventions can positively impact maternal psychological well-being.