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Related Concept Videos

Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation, polyethylene glycol...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction
11:02

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Published on: September 14, 2018

Antibody-cytotoxic agent conjugates: preparation and characterization.

Rajeeva Singh1, Hans K Erickson

  • 1ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, MA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Antibody-cytotoxic agent conjugates (ACCs) leverage targeted cancer therapy. Linker strategies are crucial for effective drug release within cancer cells, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Bioconjugation Chemistry

Background:

  • Antibody-cytotoxic agent conjugates (ACCs) represent a targeted therapeutic approach for cancers expressing specific antigens.
  • ACCs utilize antibodies to deliver potent cytotoxic agents directly to cancer cells, inhibiting essential cellular targets like DNA or microtubules.
  • One approved ACC, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, treats acute myeloid leukemia, with others in advanced clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe methods for preparing antibody-cytotoxic agent conjugates (ACCs) with various small-molecule cytotoxic agents (maytansinoids, calicheamicin, auristatins) and linkers.
  • To outline methods for evaluating the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of ACCs.
  • To present analytical methods for assessing the cellular processing mechanisms and active metabolite generation of ACCs with different linkers.

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Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting
11:58

Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting

Published on: March 8, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction
11:02

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Published on: September 14, 2018

Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting
11:58

Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting

Published on: March 8, 2018

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of antibody-maytansinoid, antibody-calicheamicin, and antibody-auristatin conjugates utilizing cleavable (disulfide, hydrazone, lysosomal protease-substrate) and non-cleavable linkers.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays to determine the potency of ACCs against target cancer cell lines.
  • In vivo studies to assess the anti-tumor efficacy of ACCs in preclinical cancer models.
  • Analytical techniques including mass spectrometry and chromatography to elucidate linker stability, drug release kinetics, and metabolite formation.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of ACCs incorporating diverse cytotoxic payloads and linker chemistries.
  • Demonstration of potent in vitro cytotoxicity and significant in vivo anti-tumor activity for various ACC constructs.
  • Characterization of distinct cellular processing pathways and metabolite generation profiles dependent on linker type.

Conclusions:

  • Linker design is a critical determinant of ACC efficacy, influencing drug release and overall therapeutic outcome.
  • The described methods provide a framework for the development and evaluation of novel antibody-cytotoxic agent conjugates for cancer therapy.
  • Further investigation into linker-payload interactions and cellular mechanisms will optimize ACC design for improved clinical performance.