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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least squares (OLS)...
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving01:29

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
Pharmacodynamic Models: Link Model and Systems Pharmacodynamic Model01:14

Pharmacodynamic Models: Link Model and Systems Pharmacodynamic Model

The link model is a fundamental pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) approach to account for delayed drug responses when the observed effect does not immediately correlate with the drug's plasma concentration peak. This delay is mathematically addressed by introducing an effect compartment concentration, Ce, which is kinetically linked to the plasma concentration, Cp, via a first-order rate constant, ke0. The linkage allows for a more accurate prediction of drug effects over time. A higher...

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Genomics and policymaking: from static models to complex systems?

Bartha Maria Knoppers1

  • 1Universite de Montreal, CRDP, Montreal, Canada. bartha.maria.knoppers@umontreal.ca

Human Genetics
|March 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Policy responses to the Human Genome Project have evolved over 20 years. Jurisdictions are shifting from static to dynamic, epigenetic approaches, mirroring the science's complexity.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioethics
  • Legal Studies

Background:

  • The Human Genome Project (HGP) has raised significant socio-ethical and legal policy issues over the past two decades.
  • Initial policy responses were largely static and classical in nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the evolution of socio-ethical and legal policy responses to the Human Genome Project.
  • To examine the shift from static to more dynamic and complex policy frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of policy developments across different jurisdictions.
  • Review of ethical and legal scholarship concerning genomic advancements.

Main Results:

  • Socio-ethical and legal responses to HGP-related issues show considerable variation globally.
  • A discernible trend indicates a move from rigid, traditional policy stances towards more adaptive, epigenetic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamic and complex nature of genomic science necessitates evolving policy frameworks.
  • Epigenetic and complex policy approaches are better suited to address contemporary genomic challenges.