Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
Published on: September 19, 2016
Alarmins and antimicrobial immunity
1Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institute of Health, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA. dyang@ncifcrf.gov
Abstract:
Alarmins are endogenous mediators capable of enhancing innate and adaptive immune response through induction of concomitant recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells. Here we provide a brief overview of various alarmins, highlight their critical roles in innate and adaptive antimicrobial immunity, and speculate on potential usage of alarmins in combating aspergillosis.
Related Concept Videos
Antimicrobial Proteins
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Humoral Immune Responses
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Immunological Memory
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

