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Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Published on: September 20, 2018

Bartonellosis causing bilateral Leber neuroretinitis: a case report.

Sergio Hernandez-Da-Mota1, Felipe Escalante-Razo

  • 1Clínica David, Unidad Oftalmológica, Morelia, Michoacan and General Hospital "Dr. Miguel Silva," SSA, Morelia, Michoacan - Mexico. tolodamota@yahoo.com.mx

European Journal of Ophthalmology
|March 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare presentation of cat scratch disease (CSD) in a child, involving Leber neuroretinitis. Prompt treatment with erythromycin and deflazacort led to a full visual recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease (CSD), a zoonotic infection.
  • Leber neuroretinitis is an uncommon ocular manifestation of CSD.
  • Typical presentation involves unilateral macular star and papilledema.

Observation:

  • A 7-year-old girl presented with sudden vision loss.
  • Bilateral macular exudation (macular star) and choroiditis were observed.
  • This case presented atypically with bilateral findings.

Findings:

  • Complete visual acuity recovery occurred within 6 weeks.
  • Treatment involved a combination of erythromycin and deflazacort.
  • The patient experienced a favorable outcome.

Implications:

  • This case highlights an unusual variation of CSD.
  • Leber neuroretinitis diagnosis requires considering CSD.
  • It poses a diagnostic challenge, mimicking Lyme disease or tuberculosis.