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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...
Assessing Blood pressure in the Leg01:11

Assessing Blood pressure in the Leg

Proper measurement of leg blood pressure is a critical skill for healthcare providers, ensuring precise and reliable readings. When performed correctly, this procedure informs patient care and enhances the efficacy of interventions. The following text outlines step-by-step guidelines to measure blood pressure in the leg, providing clarity and ease of understanding for practitioners.
Preparation:

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Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
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Patellofemoral syndrome: how to perform a basic knee evaluation.

Judi Lynn Price1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, California, USA.

JAAPA : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
|March 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFS) is a common knee problem caused by overloading and malalignment. Understanding knee anatomy and biomechanics is key for diagnosis and treatment, with non-surgical options often preventing surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFS) is a prevalent orthopedic condition.
  • Persistent knee overloading and malalignment lead to ongoing patient pain.
  • Accurate diagnosis and treatment necessitate a thorough understanding of knee anatomy and biomechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of anatomical and biomechanical understanding in diagnosing and managing PFS.
  • To highlight the role of clinical evaluation and imaging in PFS management.
  • To present conservative treatment options for PFS.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed patient history and physical examination.
  • Diagnostic imaging, including radiographs and CT scans.
  • Assessment of non-surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Conservative management, including NSAIDs, physical therapy, and hyaluronic acid (HA) therapy, is effective.
  • 80% to 90% of patients can avoid surgical intervention through appropriate non-surgical treatment.
  • Proper diagnosis relies on understanding knee biomechanics and clinical assessment.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of knee anatomy and biomechanics is crucial for managing PFS.
  • Non-surgical treatments are highly effective, preventing the need for surgery in most cases.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis through clinical evaluation and imaging guides successful treatment strategies.