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Related Concept Videos

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as  cells...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

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On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
10:32

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids

Published on: March 2, 2012

High-throughput cell and particle characterization using isodielectric separation.

M D Vahey1, J Voldman

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 36-824, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|March 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces isodielectric separation (IDS), a microfluidic technique to analyze and sort cells and particles. IDS measures electrical properties by identifying the isodielectric point (IDP) across varying conditions.

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Separation of Bioactive Small Molecules, Peptides from Natural Sources and Proteins from Microbes by Preparative Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) Method
09:57

Separation of Bioactive Small Molecules, Peptides from Natural Sources and Proteins from Microbes by Preparative Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) Method

Published on: June 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Microfluidics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Separation science categorizes methods into preparative (purification) and analytic (quantification).
  • Microfluidic techniques offer advanced analytical capabilities for biological samples.
  • Characterizing cell and particle electrical properties is crucial for understanding their behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the application of isodielectric separation (IDS) for analytic separations.
  • To characterize the electrical properties of various cells and particles using IDS.
  • To investigate how electrical properties vary with solvent conductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Isodielectric separation (IDS) utilizes dielectrophoresis along an electrical conductivity gradient.
  • Cells and particles are concentrated at their isodielectric point (IDP) where polarizability is zero.
  • Varying electric field frequency and voltage allows for sorting and electrical property measurement.

Main Results:

  • IDS was applied to polystyrene microspheres, viable/nonviable Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and murine pro B cells.
  • The technique successfully measured electrical properties, including variations with solvent conductivity.
  • Distinct isodielectric points (IDPs) enabled sorting of cells and particles.

Conclusions:

  • Isodielectric separation (IDS) is a versatile microfluidic method for analytic separations.
  • IDS provides a means to characterize the electrical properties of diverse biological and synthetic particles.
  • The method's ability to measure property variations with solvent conductivity offers new insights.