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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
11:27

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

Published on: April 7, 2023

Paediatric emergency guidelines: could one size fit all?

Sarah Dalton1, Franz E Babl

  • 1Emergency Departments, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA
|March 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Australian and New Zealand paediatric emergency departments (EDs) create many clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Collaborative CPG development is supported and could reduce duplication, improving guideline quality and currency.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
11:27

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines
  • Paediatric Healthcare

Background:

  • Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are essential in emergency departments (EDs).
  • The development process for CPGs in Australian and New Zealand paediatric EDs is not well understood.
  • Understanding this process is crucial for improving guideline quality and consistency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the current process of CPG development in Australian and New Zealand paediatric EDs.
  • To assess the feasibility and support for developing collaborative CPGs across these institutions.

Main Methods:

  • A survey questionnaire was distributed to all 13 Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) sites.
  • The questionnaire covered CPG development, dissemination, implementation, and evaluation.
  • Specific questions addressed the feasibility of creating combined, collaborative guidelines.

Main Results:

  • All PREDICT EDs participated; 12/13 had ED-specific guidelines, with an average of 77 per site.
  • Most EDs utilized external guidelines and had guideline committees, often modifying existing external documents.
  • Few EDs incorporated literature references or levels of evidence, and implementation/evaluation support was limited.

Conclusions:

  • Paediatric EDs invest substantial resources in developing CPGs.
  • Collaborative guideline development is supported by most sites and could enhance efficiency.
  • Developing collaborative guidelines may lead to more numerous, current, and evidence-based CPGs.