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Related Concept Videos

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents01:20

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents

The gastric mucosa produces prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), crucial in maintaining gastric health. They exert cytoprotective effects, including increasing bicarbonate secretion, releasing protective mucin, reducing gastric acid output, and preventing harmful vasoconstriction. These effects are mediated through various receptors, such as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can induce peptic ulcers by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, decreasing...
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Progesterone for preterm birth prevention: an evolving intervention.

Alan Thevenet N Tita1, Dwight J Rouse

  • 1Center for Women's Reproductive Health, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|March 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Progesterone effectively reduces recurrent preterm birth (PTB) in women with a history of spontaneous PTB. Further research is needed to determine optimal use and benefits in other scenarios.

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Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
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A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

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06:49

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Preterm birth (PTB) remains a significant challenge in maternal and infant health.
  • Progesterone is being investigated for its potential role in preventing PTB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging data on the efficacy of progesterone in preventing preterm birth.
  • To focus on pharmacologic aspects and risk factor-specific outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • PubMed database search for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses from January 1, 2000, onwards.
  • Review of 238 abstracts, supplemented by bibliographic searches, focusing on 17 relevant reports.

Main Results:

  • Synthetic intramuscular 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone effectively reduces recurrent PTB in women with a history of spontaneous PTB.
  • Vaginally administered natural progesterone showed potential in reducing early PTB in women with a foreshortened cervix.
  • Evidence is inconclusive regarding progesterone's benefits in arrested preterm labor and its impact on perinatal morbidity or mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Progesterone demonstrates efficacy in reducing PTB for specific patient groups.
  • Further investigation is required to identify optimal candidates and formulations for progesterone therapy to prevent PTB.