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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

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Practical experience of using the IPEM 2003 electron code of practice.

K Rosser¹, H Lawrence, J Sinclair

¹Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, USA. Karen.Rosser@rmh.nhs.uk

The British Journal of Radiology

|March 4, 2009

Summary

The UK

Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Radiotherapy Dosimetry

Background:

The Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) 2003 Code of Practice (COP) for electron dosimetry is now the UK standard.
This protocol replaces the 1996 air kerma-based COP, requiring specific ionisation chamber calibration in absorbed dose to water.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the differences between the new IPEM 2003 COP and the previous 1996 COP.
To compare the performance of NACP and Roos ionisation chambers as secondary standards under the 2003 COP.

Main Methods:

A survey of UK radiotherapy centres was conducted.
Measurements were performed using ionisation chambers calibrated according to the new protocol.
Comparative analysis of NACP and Roos chambers was carried out.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

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Main Results:

The IPEM 2003 COP resulted in electron doses approximately 2+/-1% higher than the 1996 COP.
No significant practical difference was observed between using NACP and Roos chambers as secondary standards.

Conclusions:

The transition to the IPEM 2003 COP for electron dosimetry in the UK leads to a measurable increase in delivered dose.
Both NACP and Roos chambers are suitable for use as secondary standards under the new protocol.