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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation. However, because inorganic electron donors...
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The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations
10:11

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Published on: August 3, 2016

Nitrous oxide emission by aquatic macrofauna.

Peter Stief1, Morten Poulsen, Lars Peter Nielsen

  • 1Section of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. pstief@mpi-bremen.de

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aquatic animals release nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, through gut bacteria. Filter- and deposit-feeders emit the most, impacting aquatic environments, especially with rising nitrate levels.

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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
07:59

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations
10:11

The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations

Published on: August 3, 2016

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
07:59

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Marine Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas.
  • Aquatic ecosystems are significant sources of N2O emissions.
  • The role of aquatic animals in N2O production is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate N2O emission by aquatic animals.
  • To identify factors influencing N2O production in aquatic animals.
  • To estimate the contribution of aquatic animals to global N2O budgets.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of N2O emission rates across various aquatic animal species.
  • Analysis of gut bacterial communities and their denitrification potential.
  • Correlation of feeding strategies (filter-feeding, deposit-feeding, predation) with N2O emission rates.

Main Results:

  • A wide range of aquatic animals emit N2O when nitrate is present.
  • N2O emission is linked to denitrification by ingested bacteria in the animal gut.
  • Filter- and deposit-feeders exhibited higher N2O emission rates than predators.
  • High N2O:N2 production ratios suggest delayed denitrification in animal guts.

Conclusions:

  • Aquatic animals are a significant source of N2O in nitrate-rich environments.
  • Dietary intake of denitrifying bacteria influences N2O emission levels.
  • Increasing nitrate availability, particularly in tropical regions, may amplify N2O emissions from aquatic animals.