Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microstructural and diffusion tensor imaging of clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

Medial prefrontal-thalamic white matter microstructure is associated with harm avoidance in OCD: a discovery and transdiagnostic replication study.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Inner and outer retinal abnormalities detected in Alzheimer's disease subjects diagnosed by amyloid PET not revealed when classified based on clinical criteria.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2025
Same author

Effects of Screen Time Use on Psychological Symptoms in Adolescents Following Concussion.

Journal of neurotrauma·2025
Same author

Connecting the Dots: The Role of Pediatric Concussion on Pubertal Hormones and Psychological Health.

The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine·2025
Same journal

Major depressive disorder-alcohol use disorder comorbidity: diagnosis, mechanisms and treatment.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The interplay between mental health, ecological factors, and problematic smartphone use: a network analysis in adolescents with major depressive disorder.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) modifies the association between dietary patterns and depression: a sex-specific analysis.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Ictal electroencephalography and heart rate as treatment criteria in electroconvulsive therapy: a systematic review of the literature.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Esketamine multi-omic biomarker evaluation in major depressive disorder (EMBER-MDD): concept, objectives and methodologies of a non-clinical investigator-initiated study.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Differential burden of five major mental disorders in the United States across the COVID-19 pandemic.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
10:43

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

State-dependent microstructural white matter changes in bipolar I depression.

Marcus V Zanetti1, Marcel P Jackowski, Amelia Versace

  • 1Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Centro de Medicina Nuclear, São Paulo, SP 05403-010, Brazil. marcus_zanetti@yahoo.com.br

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
|March 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bipolar depression is linked to acute white matter changes, specifically in fronto-limbic-striatal tracts. These microstructural alterations in white matter tracts were not observed in remitted bipolar disorder patients.

More Related Videos

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI)
06:26

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI)

Published on: November 27, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
10:43

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI)
06:26

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI)

Published on: November 27, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Fronto-limbic-striatal white matter (WM) abnormalities are implicated in bipolar disorder (BD), but findings are inconsistent.
  • Previous research has not detailed the impact of acute mood states on WM microstructure in BD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare fiber density and structural integrity of WM tracts in bipolar I disorder (BD-I) depression versus remission.
  • To investigate microstructural WM changes associated with acute mood states in BD.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to assess whole-brain fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD).
  • 37 BD-I patients (16 depressed, 21 remitted) and 26 healthy controls were included.

Main Results:

  • All BD-I patients showed decreased FA and increased MD in bilateral prefronto-limbic-striatal WM and specific fasciculi compared to controls.
  • Depressed BD-I patients exhibited decreased FA and increased MD compared to controls and remitted BD-I patients.
  • Depressed BD-I patients also showed increased FA in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex; remitted patients did not differ from controls.

Conclusions:

  • Acute depression in BD-I is associated with specific microstructural changes in WM tracts.
  • These WM changes may be reversible upon remission from depression.
  • DTI metrics like FA and MD can help differentiate between depressed and remitted states in BD-I.