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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as delayed fracture union.

P S Sauvé1, I G I Suliman, J D Calder

  • 1Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, North Hampshire Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK. philsauve@doctors.org.uk

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA
|March 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Primary hyperparathyroidism can cause delayed fracture healing in tibial fractures. Treating the condition led to successful bone union, highlighting the importance of considering metabolic causes for non-healing fractures.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Bone Disease

Background:

  • Delayed union of fractures presents a significant clinical challenge.
  • Primary hyperparathyroidism is a metabolic disorder affecting calcium homeostasis.

Observation:

  • A patient with a tibial fracture experienced delayed union despite stable fixation and absence of infection.
  • The patient presented with symptoms suggestive of hypercalcemia, including anorexia, nausea, and constipation.

Findings:

  • Biochemical analysis revealed elevated calcium and parathyroid hormone levels.
  • A sestamibi scan confirmed a parathyroid adenoma, diagnosing primary hyperparathyroidism.
  • Following parathyroidectomy, the tibial fracture demonstrated radiological union and clinical improvement.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of investigating metabolic causes, such as primary hyperparathyroidism, in cases of fracture non-union.
  • Early diagnosis and management of hyperparathyroidism can facilitate fracture healing.
  • Consideration of endocrine disorders is crucial in orthopedic cases with delayed healing.