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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is responsible...

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Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of vater. A case of absence of somatostatin in a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, bombesin-, and cholecystokinin-producing tumor.

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Respiratory health and quality of life in chronic cannabis users: An exploratory study.

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The meaning of "p-value": Pursuing clinical and statistical significance. A narrative review.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

[Hepatocellular carcinoma].

A Angeles Angeles1, M A Jiménez López

  • 1Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga num. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, DF.

Revista De Investigacion Clinica; Organo Del Hospital De Enfermedades De La Nutricion
|March 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising globally, strongly linked to hepatitis B virus. This review covers HCC epidemiology, causes, clinical aspects, and pathology, including regional variations and local case data.

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Laparoscopic S7 Hepatectomy with Positive Fluorescence Staining
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Laparoscopic S7 Hepatectomy with Positive Fluorescence Staining

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A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
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Laparoscopic S7 Hepatectomy with Positive Fluorescence Staining
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Laparoscopic S7 Hepatectomy with Positive Fluorescence Staining

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence is increasing worldwide.
  • Geographic variations in HCC frequency exist, with higher rates in Africa and Southeast Asia compared to Western countries.
  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a primary oncogenic factor in HCC development.

Purpose:

  • To review recent epidemiological, etiological, clinical, and anatomopathological data on hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • To analyze the global and regional incidence of HCC.
  • To examine the association of HCC with HBV and other risk factors.

Summary:

  • The review details HCC's association with HBV in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients, lists other hepatocarcinogens and metabolic errors, and describes clinical features, prognostic factors, paraneoplastic syndromes, and the role of alpha-fetoprotein.
  • Macroscopic and microscopic appearances of HCC, including unusual forms, are illustrated.
  • Preliminary data from a local hospital show a slightly increased HCC rate in women, with average patient age and cirrhosis role similar to low-incidence countries.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Highlights the significant global health challenge posed by rising HCC rates.
  • Offers insights into regional variations and local epidemiological trends of HCC.