Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Portal Hypertension01:22

Portal Hypertension

Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock01:24

Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock

Disorders affecting blood volume, vascular tone, or vascular function can disrupt vascular homeostasis, including conditions like hypertension, hemorrhage, and shock.
Blood Pressure: Hypertension and Hypotension
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predictive value of dobutamine stress echocardiography for coronary artery disease detection in liver transplant candidates.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2008
Same author

Is it worth removing albumin-bound substances in hepatic encephalopathy?

Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie·2005
Same author

[MARS and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy].

Gastroenterologia y hepatologia·2005
Same author

Pathophysiology of brain edema in fulminant hepatic failure, revisited.

Metabolic brain disease·2001
Same author

Monitoring of brain water by chemical shift imaging during ammonia-induced brain swelling in rats after portacaval anastomosis.

Artificial organs·2001
Same author

Indomethacin prevents the development of experimental ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2001

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
09:37

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats

Published on: August 1, 2018

[Portal hypertension hemodynamics].

A T Blei1

  • 1Departamento de Medicina, Lakeside VA Medical Center and Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Revista De Investigacion Clinica; Organo Del Hospital De Enfermedades De La Nutricion
|March 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Portal hypertension, caused by obstructed blood flow, is reviewed for its pathogenic factors. New invasive and non-invasive techniques, including endoscopy and Doppler ultrasound, aid in studying portal hemodynamics and variceal pressures.

More Related Videos

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
07:10

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Published on: June 18, 2020

Contrast-Enhanced Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation (SHAPE) Using Ultrasound Imaging with a Focus on Identifying Portal Hypertension
06:20

Contrast-Enhanced Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation (SHAPE) Using Ultrasound Imaging with a Focus on Identifying Portal Hypertension

Published on: December 5, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
09:37

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats

Published on: August 1, 2018

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
07:10

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Published on: June 18, 2020

Contrast-Enhanced Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation (SHAPE) Using Ultrasound Imaging with a Focus on Identifying Portal Hypertension
06:20

Contrast-Enhanced Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation (SHAPE) Using Ultrasound Imaging with a Focus on Identifying Portal Hypertension

Published on: December 5, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Portal hypertension is a complex syndrome resulting from various factors obstructing portal blood flow.
  • Understanding the underlying causes and hemodynamic changes is crucial for patient management.
  • Traditional methods for assessing portal hypertension have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenic factors contributing to portal hypertension.
  • To discuss novel invasive and non-invasive techniques for evaluating portal hemodynamics.
  • To highlight the advancements in endoscopic and ultrasonographic methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on portal hypertension pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of invasive techniques for direct variceal pressure determination.
  • Evaluation of non-invasive ultrasonographic methods, including Doppler, for assessing portal patency and flow.

Main Results:

  • Direct variceal pressure measurements can be obtained through modified endoscopic assessments.
  • New ultrasound devices provide non-invasive insights into portal vein patency and blood flow dynamics.
  • Technological advancements enhance the diagnostic capabilities for portal hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • Modern endoscopic and ultrasonographic techniques offer improved methods for studying portal hypertension.
  • Non-invasive Doppler ultrasound is valuable for assessing portal hemodynamics.
  • These advancements facilitate more accurate diagnosis and management of portal hypertension.