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Related Concept Videos

Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
Filtration00:53

Filtration

Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...
Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow glass...
Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...

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Wicking Tests for Unidirectional Fabrics: Measurements of Capillary Parameters to Evaluate Capillary Pressure in Liquid Composite Molding Processes
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Fluid imbibition in paper fibers: precursor front.

Eduardo N de Azevedo1, Lars R Alme, M Engelsberg

  • 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50.670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging reveals non-Fickian water transport in paper. Effective diffusivity varies with pore saturation, showing a faster precursor front in partially filled pores.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Physics

Background:

  • Understanding fluid transport in porous media is crucial for applications like papermaking and filtration.
  • Paper's complex pore structure influences fluid imbibition dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate water penetration and transport diffusivity in paper under varying conditions.
  • To analyze the non-Fickian nature of fluid transport in porous materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging to observe water imbibition in paper samples.
  • Measured kinetics of imbibition profiles to determine transport properties.
  • Analyzed data considering non-Fickian transport models.

Main Results:

  • Determined the dependence of effective transport diffusivity on the degree of pore saturation.
  • Observed non-Fickian transport behavior in the paper samples.
  • Identified a precursor fluid front with significantly higher diffusivity than in saturated pores.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the complex, non-Fickian water transport mechanisms in paper.
  • Effective transport diffusivity is a key parameter reflecting saturation-dependent fluid movement.
  • The precursor front phenomenon highlights distinct transport behaviors in partially versus fully saturated pores.