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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I01:24

Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I

Polymerization produces macromolecules with a range of chain lengths due to the random nature of molecular growth processes. As chains form and terminate at different stages, a single polymer sample contains molecules of varying sizes rather than a uniform structure. This variability is described using average molar masses and distribution-related parameters, which together provide a comprehensive understanding of polymer characteristics.The distribution of molar masses plays a critical role in...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

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Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions
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Published on: October 10, 2013

Aggregation phenomena in telechelic star polymer solutions.

Federica Lo Verso1, Athanassios Z Panagiotopoulos, Christos N Likos

  • 1Chimie Analytique et Biophysico-chimie de l' Environnement (CABE), Université de Genève-Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telechelic star polymers with attractive ends undergo macrophase separation, which transitions into interconnected micelles as the fraction of attractive monomers increases. This study reveals self-organization in these complex macromolecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer science
  • Materials science
  • Computational chemistry

Background:

  • Telechelic star polymers possess functionalized, mutually attractive end groups.
  • Understanding their phase behavior is crucial for designing advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase behavior of trifunctional telechelic stars.
  • To determine the influence of attractive terminal monomers on self-assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Computer simulations on a lattice were employed.
  • Thermodynamic analysis was combined with morphometric analysis.

Main Results:

  • Macrophase separation was observed and found to disappear at a critical fraction of attractive monomers (0.4 < lambda < 0.5).
  • Beyond this critical value, self-organization into interconnected micelles occurred.
  • Morphometric analysis provided insights into the mesostructure of aggregates.

Conclusions:

  • The fraction of attractive terminal monomers dictates the self-assembly behavior of telechelic star polymers.
  • A transition from macrophase separation to micelle formation is observed with increasing attraction.