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Related Concept Videos

The Entropy as a State Function01:14

The Entropy as a State Function

Consider an arbitrary process that moves between two specific states (A and B) in a cyclic manner. This process is reversible and broken down into smaller parts that each follow a Carnot cycle. A Carnot cycle has two isothermal (constant temperature) processes. During these processes, the ratio of the amount of heat transferred to their respective temperature remains constant. The other two processes in the Carnot cycle are also reversible but adiabatic, which means they occur without any heat...
Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities01:19

Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities

An oscillating discontinuity is a type of discontinuity in which a function’s values fluctuate infinitely often as the input approaches a particular point. Unlike jump discontinuities, where the function suddenly shifts between two values, or infinite discontinuities, where the function diverges without bound, an oscillating discontinuity arises from rapid back-and-forth variation. Because the function never stabilizes toward a single value, no finite limit exists at that point.One of the most...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:26

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
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Random Error01:04

Random Error

Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

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Published on: September 26, 2016

Infinite-randomness critical point in the two-dimensional disordered contact process.

Thomas Vojta1, Adam Farquhar, Jason Mast

  • 1Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that nonequilibrium phase transitions in diluted 2D systems exhibit an exotic critical point with unique scaling. Critical exponents remain universal despite disorder, offering insights into disordered systems and Ising models.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Understanding nonequilibrium phase transitions is crucial for complex systems.
  • Quenched disorder significantly impacts phase transition behavior.
  • Absorbing state transitions are a key area of study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nonequilibrium phase transition in a 2D contact process on a randomly diluted lattice.
  • To characterize the critical behavior and universality class of this transition.
  • To explore the role of disorder and rare region effects.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale Monte Carlo simulations were employed.
  • Simulations covered extensive time scales (up to 10^10) and system sizes (up to 8000x8000).
  • Renormalization group analysis was used to classify the universality class.

Main Results:

  • Strong evidence for an infinite-randomness critical point with activated dynamical scaling was found.
  • Critical exponents were calculated and found to be universal, independent of disorder strength.
  • The Griffiths region showed power-law dynamical scaling with continuously varying exponents.

Conclusions:

  • The transition belongs to the universality class of the 2D random transverse-field Ising model.
  • Findings contribute to the broader theory of rare region effects in disordered systems.
  • The study provides a comprehensive characterization of a complex disordered phase transition.