Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Dynamic susceptibility of soft ferrogels. Effect of interparticle interaction.

Soft matter·2023

Same author

A kinetic model for magnetostriction of a ferrogel with physical networking.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2021

Same author

Magnetic hyperthermia in a system of immobilized magnetically interacting particles.

Physical review. E·2019

Same author

Kinetics of doublet formation in bicomponent magnetic suspensions: The role of the magnetic permeability anisotropy.

Physical review. E·2018

Same author

Shear elasticity of isotropic magnetic gels.

Physical review. E·2017

Same author

Hysteresis of the magnetic properties of soft magnetic gels.

Soft matter·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

Condensation phase transitions in ferrofluids.

L Yu Iskakova¹, G A Smelchakova, A Yu Zubarev

¹Department of Mathematical Physics, Ural State University, Lenin Av., 51, 620083 Ekaterinburg, Russia.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|March 5, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic particles in ferrofluids undergo phase transitions. Unlike classical models, linear chain formation precedes bulk condensation, influencing equilibrium phase diagrams in these polar suspensions.

More Related Videos

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Physics of complex fluids
Condensed matter physics
Magnetohydrodynamics

Background:

Ferrofluids and polar suspensions exhibit condensation phase transitions.
Formation of dense liquidlike or solidlike phases is observed.
Understanding the fundamental features of these phase transitions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To theoretically investigate the scenarios of condensation phase transitions in ferrofluids.
To study ferrofluids composed of identical magnetic particles.
To analyze the impact of linear chain formation on phase transition diagrams.

Main Methods:

Theoretical study of phase transition scenarios.
Analysis of systems with identical magnetic particles.
Investigation of the role of linear chains in condensation.

Main Results:

Observed that linear chain formation precedes bulk condensation in ferrofluids.
Demonstrated that this chain formation differs from classical condensation phase transitions.
Studied the influence of these chains on equilibrium phase transition diagrams.

Conclusions:

Linear chain formation is a key precursor to bulk condensation in ferrofluids.
The behavior of magnetic particle condensation deviates from classical models.
The structure of linear chains significantly affects the equilibrium phase behavior.