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Related Concept Videos

Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing over01:34

Crossing over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

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The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
Anchoring Junctions01:03

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
Magnetic Declination01:19

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Magnetic declination is the angle between true north, which aligns with the Earth's rotational axis, and magnetic north, which follows the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. This discrepancy exists because the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic poles. The value of magnetic declination depends on the observer's location on Earth and is subject to changes over time due to the dynamic nature of the Earth's magnetic field.The declination is called eastern when magnetic north...

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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Reconnection at high latitudes: antiparallel merging.

M W Dunlop1, Q-H Zhang, C-J Xiao

  • 1SSTD, RAL, Chilton, DIDCOT, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom. m.w.dunlop@rl.ac.uk

Physical Review Letters
|March 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Scientists found new evidence of magnetic reconnection at Earth's dayside magnetopause. This process occurred at high latitudes on closed field lines, confirmed by multiple spacecraft observations.

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Plasma Physics
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • The occurrence of magnetic reconnection at Earth's dayside magnetopause is a long-standing debate.
  • Previous studies have presented conflicting evidence regarding reconnection sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide strong evidence for magnetic reconnection at a high-latitude site on Earth's dayside magnetopause.
  • To investigate the characteristics of this reconnection, particularly the magnetic field orientations and the ion diffusion region.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a multi-spacecraft formation (four spacecraft) to repeatedly sample the ion diffusion region and null magnetic field.
  • Employing a fifth spacecraft for simultaneous monitoring of the magnetosheath plasma behavior.

Main Results:

  • Presented the first strong evidence for a high-latitude reconnection site.
  • Observed magnetic field orientations inside and outside the magnetopause to be nearly antiparallel.
  • Confirmed the presence of the ion diffusion region and associated null magnetic field through repeated sampling.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetic reconnection does occur at high latitudes on Earth's dayside magnetopause.
  • The observed conditions support reconnection on initially closed field lines.
  • Multi-spacecraft observations are crucial for confirming such dynamic space plasma phenomena.