Related Experiment Videos
Congenital supravalvar mitral ring: an underestimated anomaly
Alessandra Toscano1, Luciano Pasquini, Roberta Iacobelli
1Department of Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|March 5, 2009
Summary
Congenital mitral ring, a rare cause of mitral stenosis, develops in infancy and has two subtypes with different outcomes. Surgical removal offers better results than other congenital mitral stenosis treatments.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Disease
Background:
- Congenital mitral ring is a rare subtype of congenital mitral stenosis.
- It is important to understand its anatomic findings and surgical outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the anatomic findings and surgical results of congenital mitral ring.
- To identify early predictors of outcome for this condition.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of clinical reports, echocardiographic studies, cardiac catheterizations, surgical reports, and follow-up data.
- Analysis of 25 patients diagnosed with mitral ring between 1987 and 2007.
Main Results:
- Two subtypes identified: intramitral ring (worse outcome) and supramitral ring (better outcome).
- Surgical removal in 13 patients reduced the Doppler gradient, with sustained improvement in 9.
- Four patients with intramitral ring required repeat mitral valvuloplasty; no operative or late deaths occurred.
Conclusions:
- Congenital mitral ring presents with diverse valve pathology and outcomes, developing during infancy.
- Surgical intervention yields better results compared to other forms of congenital mitral stenosis.
- Early recognition and subtype differentiation are crucial for optimal patient management.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management
192
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
192
01:23Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests
162
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
162
01:22Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
330
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
330
01:23Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
254
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
254
01:20Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction
312
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
312
01:27Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
283
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
283