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Related Concept Videos

Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
On the ovarian surface, a layer of cuboidal...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Human Ovarian Surface Epithelium Organoids as a Platform to Study Tissue Regeneration
07:37

Human Ovarian Surface Epithelium Organoids as a Platform to Study Tissue Regeneration

Published on: August 16, 2024

Ovarian thecoma with virilizing manifestations.

Mun-Hwi Lee1, Young-Jin Moon, Chang-Won Ha

  • 1Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Halla General Hospital, Jeju, Korea.

Yonsei Medical Journal
|March 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A virilizing ovarian thecoma caused secondary amenorrhea, infertility, and virilism in a woman. Surgical removal normalized testosterone, restoring menstruation and leading to pregnancy.

Keywords:
Virilismtestosteronethecoma

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Virilizing ovarian tumors are rare and can cause significant hormonal imbalances.
  • Secondary amenorrhea, primary infertility, and virilism are key clinical indicators.
  • Elevated serum testosterone levels are a hallmark of these conditions.

Observation:

  • A 29-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of secondary amenorrhea, primary infertility, and virilization.
  • Markedly elevated serum testosterone (380 ng/dL) suggested a virilizing ovarian tumor.
  • Histopathology confirmed a left ovarian thecoma after salpingoophorectomy.

Findings:

  • Postoperative serum testosterone levels decreased significantly to 65 ng/dL.
  • While virilism did not immediately regress, normal menstruation resumed within 29 days.
  • The patient achieved pregnancy and gave birth 13 months after surgery.

Implications:

  • Ovarian thecomas, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of virilizing syndromes.
  • Surgical intervention can effectively manage hormonal imbalances and restore reproductive function.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes and fertility.