Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Determinants of metal import and specificity in a bacterial transporter.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Structural and functional basis of proton-independent transition metal import by a canonical bacterial Nramp transporter.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Profiling the TRPV4 ankyrin repeat domain interactome and its disruption by neuromuscular disease-causing mutations.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2025
Same author

A structural window into the evolution of secondary transport mechanisms.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2025
Same author

Surface delivery quantification reveals distinct trafficking efficiencies among clustered protocadherin isoforms.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Surface delivery quantification reveals distinct trafficking efficiencies among clustered protocadherin isoforms.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

Antigen processing and presentation: TAPping into ABC transporters.

Erik Procko1, Rachelle Gaudet

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|March 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) moves peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum for immune cells. ATP-driven conformational changes enable TAP to bind and release peptides, crucial for adaptive immunity.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation
10:16

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: October 12, 2018

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells
13:18

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells

Published on: December 29, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation
10:16

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: October 12, 2018

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells
13:18

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells

Published on: December 29, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Adaptive immunity relies on presenting antigenic peptides via MHC class I molecules.
  • The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is essential for delivering cytosolic peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for MHC class I loading.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural and mechanistic basis of peptide transport by TAP.
  • To understand how conformational changes driven by ATP hydrolysis facilitate peptide translocation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of crystal structures of bacterial ABC transporters.
  • Biochemical studies investigating TAP function and ATP hydrolysis.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial ABC transporter structures reveal a peptide-binding cavity within the transmembrane domains.
  • ATP binding and hydrolysis by asymmetric nucleotide-binding domains drive conformational changes.
  • These changes facilitate peptide acquisition from the cytosol and release into the ER lumen.

Conclusions:

  • TAP functions as a molecular machine utilizing ATP to actively transport peptides.
  • Understanding TAP mechanism provides insights into antigen processing and immune response regulation.