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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing
05:22

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing

Published on: May 5, 2022

Severe primary antiphospholipid syndrome.

R Avasthi1, S C Chaudhary, D Mohanty

  • 1Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|March 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can cause blood clots and pregnancy loss. This case highlights symmetrical peripheral gangrene as a rare but treatable manifestation of severe primary APS.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing
05:22

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing

Published on: May 5, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder associated with recurrent thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity.
  • The precise mechanisms driving thrombosis in APS remain incompletely understood, despite its clinical significance.
  • APS presents with diverse thrombotic events, commonly affecting deep veins and arteries.

Observation:

  • A 42-year-old female with severe primary Antiphospholipid syndrome was admitted.
  • The patient presented with symmetrical peripheral gangrene, a rare clinical manifestation of APS.
  • This presentation is unusual compared to the more common deep vein thrombosis or arterial occlusions.

Findings:

  • The patient's symmetrical peripheral gangrene was successfully treated.
  • This case demonstrates that peripheral gangrene can be a presenting feature of severe primary APS.
  • Successful management was achieved despite the uncommon manifestation.

Implications:

  • Highlights the varied clinical spectrum of Antiphospholipid syndrome.
  • Suggests the need for heightened awareness of uncommon presentations like peripheral gangrene in APS patients.
  • Emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment for potentially severe manifestations of APS.