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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Borderline Personality Disorder01:25

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
Genetic and Environmental Contributions
Borderline Personality...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

Preschool bipolar disorder.

Joan L Luby1, Mini Tandon, Andy Belden

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. lubyj@psychiatry.wustl.edu

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
|March 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Preschool bipolar disorder (BPD) is ambiguously diagnosed, despite evidence suggesting onset by age 3. Further research is crucial for accurate diagnosis and early intervention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychopathology

Background:

  • Preschool bipolar disorder (BPD) remains a diagnostic challenge despite advances in other preschool psychopathology areas.
  • A growing body of evidence suggests BPD may manifest as early as age 3.
  • Increasing prescriptions for mood stabilizers in preschoolers highlight the need for diagnostic clarity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the diagnostic ambiguity surrounding preschool bipolar disorder (BPD).
  • To emphasize the need for empirical investigations into the early onset of BPD.
  • To explore the implications of clarifying preschool BPD nosology for developmental psychopathology and lifespan interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing empirical work and case material on preschool BPD.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

  • Analysis of trends in psychopathology diagnosis in the preschool period.
  • Consideration of the developmental trajectory of BPD.

    • Main Results:

    • Preschool BPD is a poorly defined diagnostic area.
    • Limited empirical literature suggests BPD onset may occur by age 3.
    • High rates of mood-stabilizing medication prescriptions for presumptive preschool BPD indicate a clinical need.

    Conclusions:

    • Clarifying the nosology of preschool BPD is essential.
    • Understanding the developmental psychopathology of BPD is critical for early intervention.
    • Research in this area can inform lifespan treatment and prevention strategies.