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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Brain Waves01:23

Brain Waves

Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue
06:45

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Published on: January 19, 2019

Transitional sharp waves at ictal onset--a neocortical ictal pattern.

Nabil J Azar1, Andre H Lagrange, Bassel W Abou-Khalil

  • 1Neurology Department, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, A-0118 MCN 2551, Nashville, TN 37232-2551, USA.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|March 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transitional sharp waves (TShW) at seizure onset indicate neocortical origins in partial-onset seizures. TShW provide more accurate seizure localization than subsequent discharges.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epileptology
  • Clinical Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Partial-onset seizures can present with a transitional sharp wave (TShW) at their onset.
  • The clinical significance and localizing value of TShW in partial-onset seizures require further evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical significance of TShW in partial-onset seizures.
  • To assess the localizing value of TShW in identifying the seizure onset zone.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of scalp ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings from the Vanderbilt Epilepsy Monitoring Unit over 12 months.
  • Identification and characterization of seizures with TShW at ictal onset.
  • Comparison of TShW field localization with subsequent ictal discharge localization and final clinical localization.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-two seizures in 13 patients began with a TShW.
  • The TShW field accurately localized the seizure onset in most cases.
  • Subsequent rhythmic ictal discharges were less accurate for localization, being non-localizing or misleading in several patients.
  • Seizures with TShW originated from neocortical areas (temporal, frontal, occipito-parietal).
  • Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy seizures did not exhibit TShW at onset.

Conclusions:

  • TShW at seizure onset is a marker for neocortical seizure origin.
  • TShW provides superior localization of the ictal focus compared to subsequent ictal discharges.
  • TShW suggests a neocortical rather than hippocampal seizure onset.