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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Overview of the Axial Skeleton01:09

Overview of the Axial Skeleton

The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the adult...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Hip fractures in children.

Matthew J Boardman1, Martin J Herman, Brian Buck

  • 1Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|March 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric hip fractures are rare but serious, often requiring surgical intervention. Achieving fracture stability is key to minimizing complications like osteonecrosis and ensuring better outcomes in children.

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A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies
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A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

Published on: July 4, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies
06:53

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

Published on: July 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Traumatology

Background:

  • Hip fractures are uncommon in children, representing less than 1% of all pediatric fractures.
  • These fractures typically result from high-energy trauma, though pathologic fractures can occur with low-energy mechanisms.
  • The unique vascular and osseous anatomy of the pediatric proximal femur makes it susceptible to injury and complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of pediatric hip fracture management.
  • To discuss the various surgical options and their indications.
  • To highlight potential complications and factors influencing outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric hip fractures.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies based on patient age, fracture classification (Delbet type), and displacement.
  • Discussion of surgical techniques including fixation methods and adjunctive treatments.

Main Results:

  • Surgical stabilization is generally indicated for displaced pediatric hip fractures.
  • Treatment choice depends on age, fracture type, and displacement, with options ranging from smooth-wire fixation to compression screw fixation.
  • Capsular decompression may reduce the risk of osteonecrosis.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric hip fractures requires careful consideration of age, fracture characteristics, and surgical options.
  • Prioritizing fracture stability over physeal preservation is crucial for optimal outcomes.
  • Potential complications such as osteonecrosis, coxa vara, and nonunion necessitate vigilant post-operative care.