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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Sleep-disordered breathing during pregnancy.

Chakradhar Venkata1, Saiprakash B Venkateshiah

  • 1Division of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. svenkateshiah@gmail.com

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM
|March 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy increases the risk of sleep apnea, a condition that can harm both mother and fetus. Early detection and treatment of sleep apnea during pregnancy are crucial for better outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Placement in a Neonatal Patient Simulator Using a Non-Inflatable Supraglottic Airway (SGA)
04:56

Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Placement in a Neonatal Patient Simulator Using a Non-Inflatable Supraglottic Airway (SGA)

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves significant physiological and hormonal shifts affecting sleep architecture.
  • These changes elevate the risk of developing or exacerbating sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in pregnant individuals.
  • Snoring, a primary SDB symptom, significantly increases during gestation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological changes in pregnancy that predispose women to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • To examine the impact of SDB on pregnancy outcomes.
  • To outline current recommendations for OSA evaluation and treatment during and after pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • This is a clinical review.
  • Literature review on physiological changes during pregnancy and their relation to SDB.
  • Discussion of existing data on SDB prevalence, risks, and management in pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy-induced changes increase susceptibility to SDB and OSA.
  • OSA in pregnancy poses risks to fetal oxygenation due to reduced reserves.
  • Potential association between OSA and gestational hypertension or preeclampsia is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnant women are at increased risk for SDB, including OSA.
  • Untreated OSA during pregnancy can negatively affect fetal well-being and maternal health.
  • Management strategies for OSA in pregnancy and postpartum are essential.