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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of their outer...

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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Occupational Hearing Loss from Non-Gaussian Noise.

Seminars in hearing·2017
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Letter to the Editor: An Alternative Interpretation of Issues Surrounding the Exchange Rates Re: Dobie, R.A., & Clark, W.W. (2014) Exchange Rates for Intermittent and Fluctuating Occupational Noise: A Systematic Review of Studies of Human Permanent Threshold Shift, Ear Hear, 35, 86-96.

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Comparison of occupational noise legislation in the Americas: an overview and analysis.

Noise & health·2014
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Construction noise: exposure, effects, and the potential for remediation; a review and analysis.

AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety·2003
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The End of NIOSH's Hearing Loss Prevention Program: Setback or Opportunity?

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Evaluation of Conventional Floor-to-Floor Prediction Models for Train-Induced Noise and Vibration and Their Association with Residents' Depressive Symptoms.

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Spectral Profile Analysis and Speech-in-Noise Performance in Habitual Earphone Users with Normal Hearing.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode
03:49

Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode

Published on: October 11, 2024

The hearing conservation amendment: 25 years later.

Alice H Suter1

  • 1Alice Suter and Associates, Ashland, Oregon, USA. ahsuter@charter.net

Noise & Health
|March 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Hearing Conservation Amendment needs an overhaul after 25 years. Key improvements include updating regulations, reducing permissible noise exposure limits, and assessing worker hearing loss to enhance protection.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health and Safety
  • Audiology
  • Industrial Hygiene

Background:

  • The Hearing Conservation Amendment (HCA) was last updated 25 years ago by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
  • Workforce awareness of noise hazards and the use of hearing protection devices (HPDs) have increased.
  • Technological advancements in noise measurement and HPDs have been made.

Observation:

  • Despite advancements, significant portions of the HCA are outdated and require improvement.
  • Enforcement of crucial provisions, such as engineering noise control, is lacking.
  • Overall noise exposure levels for the workforce have shown minimal reduction.

Findings:

  • The current noise regulation has outdated provisions and lacks effective enforcement, particularly for engineering noise controls.
  • There has been limited progress in reducing workplace noise exposure levels over the past 25 years.
  • Existing hearing conservation measures may not be fully effective in preventing hearing loss.

Implications:

  • A comprehensive overhaul of the noise regulation is necessary.
  • Recommitment to engineering noise control is essential for reducing noise exposure at the source.
  • Reducing the permissible exposure limit (PEL) to 85 dBA and adopting a 3-dBA exchange rate are recommended.
  • A nationwide assessment of hearing loss in American workers is needed to evaluate current programs and identify regulatory weaknesses.