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Related Concept Videos

Cell Potential and Free Energy02:58

Cell Potential and Free Energy

Thermodynamics of a Redox Reaction
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics dealing with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. In an electrochemical cell, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
Thus, a link can be predicted between cell potential, free energy change, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Cell potential can also be measured as the oxidant or the reducing strength, and similar acid-base strength measures are reflected in equilibrium...
Resting Potential Decay01:15

Resting Potential Decay

The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
At rest, the K+ is the main ion that moves across the membrane through...
Resting Potential Decay01:15

Resting Potential Decay

The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
At rest, the K+ is the main ion that moves across the membrane through...
Resting Membrane Potential01:24

Resting Membrane Potential

The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
Resting Membrane Potential01:24

Resting Membrane Potential

The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles

Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the cell's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Mutagenesis and Functional Analysis of Ion Channels Heterologously Expressed in Mammalian Cells
15:28

Mutagenesis and Functional Analysis of Ion Channels Heterologously Expressed in Mammalian Cells

Published on: October 1, 2010

LOCKing in Cellular Potential.

Helle F Jørgensen1, Amanda G Fisher

  • 1MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK. helle.jorgensen@csc.mrc.ac.uk

Cell Stem Cell
|March 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) is more prevalent in differentiated cells compared to embryonic stem cells. This epigenetic mark is found in repressive chromatin blocks, influencing gene expression.

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell differentiation involves significant epigenetic reprogramming.
  • Histone modifications play a crucial role in regulating gene expression during development.
  • Histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) is a known repressive epigenetic mark.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the abundance and distribution of H3K9me2 in differentiated cells versus embryonic stem cells.
  • To understand the role of H3K9me2 in chromatin structure and gene regulation during cell fate determination.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays to detect H3K9me2.
  • Analysis of H3K9me2 levels in distinct cell types (differentiated cells and embryonic stem cells).

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Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
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Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

Published on: October 17, 2025

Whole Cell Electrophysiology of Primary Cultured Murine Enterochromaffin Cells
10:04

Whole Cell Electrophysiology of Primary Cultured Murine Enterochromaffin Cells

Published on: September 26, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Mutagenesis and Functional Analysis of Ion Channels Heterologously Expressed in Mammalian Cells
15:28

Mutagenesis and Functional Analysis of Ion Channels Heterologously Expressed in Mammalian Cells

Published on: October 1, 2010

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
08:44

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

Published on: October 17, 2025

Whole Cell Electrophysiology of Primary Cultured Murine Enterochromaffin Cells
10:04

Whole Cell Electrophysiology of Primary Cultured Murine Enterochromaffin Cells

Published on: September 26, 2018

Main Results:

  • H3K9me2 modification is significantly more abundant in differentiated cells than in embryonic stem cells.
  • H3K9me2 is localized to specific regions of chromatin, forming repressive blocks.

Conclusions:

  • H3K9me2 accumulation correlates with cellular differentiation.
  • The formation of repressive chromatin blocks marked by H3K9me2 contributes to stable gene silencing in differentiated cells.