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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.

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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

Engineering the coupling between molecular spin qubits by coordination chemistry.

Grigore A Timco1, Stefano Carretta, Filippo Troiani

  • 1The Lewis Magnetism Laboratory, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

Nature Nanotechnology
|March 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemically linking antiferromagnetic chromium-nickel (Cr7Ni) rings allows tunable spin coupling for quantum information processing. These molecular qubits demonstrate potential for generating maximally entangled states using microwave pulses.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Molecular Nanomagnetism
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Controlled entanglement and subsystem assembly are crucial for quantum information processing.
  • Molecular nanomagnets, specifically antiferromagnetic Cr7Ni rings, are promising for qubit applications due to their effective spin-1/2 behavior and long decoherence times at low temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the chemical linkage of Cr7Ni rings for creating controllable quantum systems.
  • To investigate the tunability of spin coupling between linked molecular nanomagnets.
  • To explore the feasibility of generating entangled states in these molecular systems using microwave pulses.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical synthesis techniques to link individual Cr7Ni rings.
  • Experimental characterization of spin coupling strength, tunable via linker choice.
  • Theoretical calculations simulating microwave pulse sequences for entanglement generation.

Main Results:

  • Successful chemical linking of Cr7Ni rings into extended structures.
  • Demonstrated tunability of inter-ring spin coupling by selecting appropriate chemical linkers.
  • Computational evidence showing that realistic microwave pulse sequences can generate maximally entangled states.

Conclusions:

  • Antiferromagnetic Cr7Ni rings can be chemically assembled and coupled, offering a scalable platform for molecular quantum information processing.
  • The ability to tune spin interactions provides a mechanism for controlling quantum states in these molecular systems.
  • This work paves the way for realizing molecular-based quantum technologies and generating robust entangled states.