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Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...

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Human sand fly challenge elicits saliva-specific innate and type 1-polarized immunity that promotes Leishmania killing.

Communications biology·2026
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Ecological Perspectives on Leishmaniasis Parasitism Patterns: Evidence of Possible Alternative Vectors for <i>Leishmania</i> (<i>Leishmania</i>) <i>infantum</i> (syn. <i>L. chagasi</i>) and <i>Leishmania</i> (<i>Viannia</i>) <i>braziliensis</i> in Piauí, Brazil.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Investigating the Phagocytosis of Leishmania using Confocal Microscopy
08:41

Investigating the Phagocytosis of Leishmania using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: July 29, 2021

Leishmania commandeers the host inflammatory response through neutrophils.

Ryan C Jochim1, Clarissa Teixeira

  • 1Vector Molecular Biology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. rjochim@niaid.nih.gov

Trends in Parasitology
|March 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Leishmania parasites use neutrophils as a pathway into macrophages, a modified Trojan horse strategy. Depleting neutrophils hinders leishmaniasis progression, highlighting their crucial role in the disease.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Investigating the Phagocytosis of Leishmania using Confocal Microscopy
08:41

Investigating the Phagocytosis of Leishmania using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neutrophils are primary responders to tissue damage.
  • Sandfly bites recruit neutrophils, which can be infected by Leishmania.
  • The 'Trojan horse' model describes parasite entry into host cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of neutrophils in Leishmania infection.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of Leishmania entry into macrophages via neutrophils.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies on neutrophil recruitment and parasite interaction.
  • Experimental neutrophil depletion models in leishmaniasis.

Main Results:

  • Leishmania escapes neutrophils to silently infect macrophages.
  • Neutrophil depletion significantly impaired leishmaniasis disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Neutrophils play a critical role in leishmaniasis pathogenesis.
  • Leishmania utilizes neutrophils as a conduit for macrophage invasion, a novel Trojan horse mechanism.