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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Min Young Her¹, Joo Yeon Song, Dong Yook Kim

¹Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Korea.

Journal of Korean Medical Science

|March 10, 2009

Summary

Urticarial vasculitis, a condition with skin lesions and inflammation, can precede systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This case highlights the importance of recognizing early signs of connective tissue disease.

Keywords:

Complement Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Urticarial Vasculitis

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The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice

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Published on: November 1, 2015

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Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

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Published on: June 8, 2022

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: November 1, 2015

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Rheumatology
Immunology

Background:

Urticarial vasculitis presents with urticarial lesions and leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis is linked to connective tissue diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Observation:

This report details a patient whose urticarial vasculitis appeared before any overt signs of SLE.

Findings:

The case demonstrates urticarial vasculitis as a potential early indicator of SLE.
Histological findings confirmed leukocytoclastic vasculitis in the observed urticarial lesions.

Implications:

Recognizing urticarial vasculitis may aid in the early diagnosis of SLE.
This case underscores the complex relationship between dermatological manifestations and systemic autoimmune diseases.