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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material, molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

IR Spectrum

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters

Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters

Published on: June 18, 2021

[Spectral curve shape feature-based hyperspectral remote sensing image retrieval].

Fei Li¹, Cheng-Hu Zhou, Rong-Guo Chen

¹LREIS, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. lif@lreis.ac.cn

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu

|March 11, 2009

Summary

This study introduces the Douglas-Peucker Spectral Retrieval (DPSR) algorithm for efficient hyperspectral remote sensing image retrieval. DPSR uses spectral curve shape features to achieve high precision with reduced computation, outperforming traditional methods.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters

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Published on: June 18, 2021

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Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

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Published on: April 14, 2020

Area of Science:

Remote Sensing
Image Processing
Geospatial Data Analysis

Context:

Vast amounts of remote sensing image data are generated by advanced sensors.
Managing and retrieving information from this data presents significant storage and processing challenges.
Hyperspectral remote sensing images contain numerous spectral bands, complicating retrieval.

Purpose:

To develop an efficient method for retrieving information from voluminous hyperspectral remote sensing images.
To address the critical issues of spectral feature extraction and similarity measurement in image retrieval.
To accelerate hyperspectral image retrieval by simplifying spectral curve features.

Summary:

The Douglas-Peucker algorithm is adapted for spectral curve simplification to extract shape features.
A novel Douglas-Peucker Spectral Retrieval (DPSR) algorithm is proposed, utilizing spectral curve shape features for efficient retrieval.
DPSR reduces computational load and enhances the speed and suitability for hyperspectral image retrieval.

Impact:

The DPSR algorithm demonstrates high precision and efficiency compared to traditional methods like Spectral Angle Match (SAM) and Spectral Information Divergence (SID).
It offers a computationally efficient solution for hyperspectral remote sensing image retrieval.
Further research is needed to optimize the relationship between thresholds, retrieval precision, and speed.