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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Protocols for Problematic Plant, Oomycete, and Fungal Samples

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Published on: February 3, 2017

Cercosporella and Ramularia.

Roland Kirschner¹

¹Department of Mycology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Building B, D-60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. kirschner@bio.uni-frankfurt.de

|March 11, 2009

Summary

Distinguishing Cercosporella and Ramularia fungi is now possible using new light and scanning electron microscopy techniques. These methods reveal unique appressoria and conidiogenous loci, aiding in accurate fungal identification.

Area of Science:

Mycology
Plant Pathology
Microscopy

Background:

Cercosporella and Ramularia are hyphomycetous fungi.
Distinguishing between these genera is challenging using traditional light microscopy.
Both genera have been known for over 120 years.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish unambiguous methods for differentiating Cercosporella and Ramularia.
To identify novel morphological characteristics for fungal identification.
To compare ultrastructural features with molecular data.

Main Methods:

Light microscopy (LM)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
LSU rDNA sequence analysis

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Main Results:

New morphological characteristics identified via LM and SEM allow clear differentiation.
A complex cup-shaped appressorium, unique to Cercosporella virgaureae, was observed.
Conidiogenous loci differ: smooth in Cercosporella, Cladosporium-type in Ramularia.
Ultrastructural findings align with LSU rDNA sequence data.

Conclusions:

Novel microscopic features provide definitive differentiation between Cercosporella and Ramularia.
The unique appressorium structure in C. virgaureae offers significant insights.
Combined morphological and molecular data enhance fungal classification accuracy.