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Related Concept Videos

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Cerebellum: history.

M Glickstein1, P Strata, J Voogd

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. m.glickstein@ucl.ac.uk

Neuroscience
|March 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This historical review traces the study of the cerebellum, highlighting its structure, function, and interrelations between anatomical, physiological, and clinical research. It identifies key questions about cerebellar function that remain areas for future scientific exploration.

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Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis
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Ex Vivo Culture of Chick Cerebellar Slices and Spatially Targeted Electroporation of Granule Cell Precursors
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Ex Vivo Culture of Chick Cerebellar Slices and Spatially Targeted Electroporation of Granule Cell Precursors

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:50

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroanatomy
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • The cerebellum, a distinct brain subdivision, has been studied historically through anatomical, physiological, and clinical approaches.
  • Early anatomical descriptions laid the groundwork for experimental studies into cerebellar functions, beginning in the 19th century.

Observation:

  • Experimental lesion studies in animals influenced the clinical understanding of cerebellar disease symptoms.
  • Key questions emerged regarding regional specialization, hemispheric function, plasticity, and afferent systems (climbing and mossy fibers).

Findings:

  • While cerebellar neuronal architecture appears uniform, distinct regions control specific functions, suggesting a systematic representation.
  • The functions of the large cerebellar hemispheres in humans and primates are still debated, with potential roles in cognition.
  • The capacity for functional takeover after cerebellar damage and the roles of distinct afferent systems require further investigation.

Implications:

  • Understanding the cerebellum's historical progression aids in identifying current research gaps and future directions.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of cerebellar structure and function.
  • Resolving these questions is vital for advancing our knowledge of motor control, cognition, and neurological disorders.