Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Tetanus01:29

Tetanus

Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Review of Imaging Modalities in Neuromuscular Disorders.

Seminars in neurology·2026
Same author

"Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy" without demyelination on electrodiagnosis: When should a treatment trial be considered?

Muscle & nerve·2024
Same author

Neuromuscular ultrasound findings in gunshot wounds.

Muscle & nerve·2024
Same author

Neuromuscular ultrasound: Impact on diagnosis and management.

Muscle & nerve·2023
Same author

Neuromuscular ultrasound standardized scanning techniques and protocols: Expert panel recommendations.

Muscle & nerve·2023
Same author

Parsonage Turner syndrome after cervical trauma and COVID-19 infection: a case report and review of the literature.

AME case reports·2022
Same journal

Care Transitions Continue to Evolve.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Navigating the Gaps: A Comprehensive Overview of Care Transitions Across the Continuum.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Care Transitions and Value-Based Payment Models in the United States.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Technology and Innovation in Care Transitions: Imagining the Future of Postdischarge Care.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Primary Care, Specialists, and Hospitals: Bridging the Gaps in Communication and Coordination.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Social Determinants of Health: Unique Considerations in Transitions of Care.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
05:18

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Published on: May 26, 2023

Entrapment and compressive neuropathies.

Barbara E Shapiro1, David C Preston

  • 1Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-5040, USA. bes002@aol.com

The Medical Clinics of North America
|March 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing upper and lower extremity neuropathies involves clinical clues, electrodiagnostic tests, and imaging. This review covers common entrapment and compressive neuropathies, offering testing and treatment guidance.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
05:18

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Published on: May 26, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Orthopedics
  • Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Entrapment and compressive neuropathies are common clinical disorders affecting the extremities.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common entrapment and compressive neuropathies of the upper and lower extremities.
  • To provide guidance on diagnostic approaches, including clinical evaluation and investigations.
  • To suggest appropriate treatment strategies for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common neuropathies based on clinical presentation.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools: history, physical examination, electrodiagnostic testing (e.g., nerve conduction studies, electromyography), and imaging studies (e.g., MRI, ultrasound).
  • Synthesis of current recommendations for management.

Main Results:

  • Key clinical features that suggest specific neuropathies are highlighted.
  • The utility and indications for various diagnostic tests are outlined.
  • Evidence-based treatment options are presented, ranging from conservative measures to surgical interventions.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach combining clinical assessment with targeted investigations aids in diagnosing peripheral neuropathies.
  • Timely and accurate diagnosis leads to improved patient prognosis and quality of life.
  • Management strategies should be tailored to the specific type and severity of neuropathy.