Edema-preventing mechanisms in rat gingiva

The long-term effect of increased local venous pressure (Pv) on interstitial fluid pressure (Pi), colloid osmotic pressure (COPi), and fractional removal rate of 125I-labeled human serum albumin (kAlb) was studied in rat gingiva. Measurements were performed on experimental animals and sham-operated controls up to 4 days after ligation of jugular veins. On the day of ligation Pv in the facial veins rose from 2.5 +/- 0.3 (SD) to 15.8 +/- 2.8 mm Hg and stayed at about this level for 2 days before a decrease to 7.4 +/- 0.9 mm Hg on day 4. In free gingiva Pi rose from an average of 3.5 +/- 0.4 to a maximum of 6.3 +/- 0.7 mm Hg, whereas in attached gingiva the corresponding increase in Pi was from 6.0 +/- 0.7 to 11.1 +/- 2.1 mm Hg. One day after the ligation COPi in wick fluid from gingiva was reduced from the control level of 10.6 +/- 1.4 to 4.5 +/- 0.9 mm Hg. COP in plasma and COPi in subcutaneous tissue on the back were unaffected. The removal rate of 125I-labeled albumin (kAlb) from the gingiva showed a nearly threefold increase after venous ligation, from 0.073 +/- 0.01 to 0.211 +/- 0.06 h-1. It is concluded that in free and attached gingiva, both a rise in Pi and a decrease in COPi will counteract the increased filtration pressure and thus prevent edema formation during venous stasis. The fall in COPi is most likely due to increased lymph flow and not dilution, as venous stasis significantly increased kAlb without any visible increase in gingival volume.