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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...

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Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
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Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty

Published on: January 28, 2020

Biomarkers in heart failure.

Giuseppina Novo1, Gisella Rita Amoroso, Giovanni Fazio

  • 1Chair and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. novog@unipa.it

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|March 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic, especially in the elderly. While biomarkers like BNP and NT-pro-BNP aid diagnosis and risk assessment, they supplement, not replace, clinical evaluation for heart conditions.

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Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
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Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Published on: June 10, 2025

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
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Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
05:16

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Published on: June 10, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) presents a significant and increasing global health challenge, particularly affecting the elderly population.
  • The rising prevalence of HF contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality, necessitating improved diagnostic and management strategies.
  • Current diagnostic methods for HF and differentiating it from other causes of dyspnea can be costly and complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of biological markers in aiding the diagnosis of heart failure.
  • To evaluate the utility of biomarkers in differentiating congestive heart failure (CHF) from other causes of shortness of breath.
  • To identify ideal biomarkers that could improve healthcare cost-efficiency in HF management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on potential heart failure biomarkers.
  • Analysis of neuro-hormonal mediators, myocyte injury markers, and systemic inflammation indicators.
  • Focus on the clinical application and study of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP).

Main Results:

  • No single ideal biomarker for heart failure has been identified to date.
  • BNP and NT-pro-BNP are the most extensively studied biomarkers for HF.
  • These natriuretic peptides show utility in assessing patients with unexplained dyspnea and in risk stratification for established HF.

Conclusions:

  • Biomarkers such as BNP and NT-pro-BNP can be valuable additions to the diagnostic process for heart failure.
  • These markers assist in risk assessment for patients already diagnosed with HF.
  • Biomarker utilization should complement, not substitute, comprehensive clinical assessment in HF diagnosis and management.