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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Trail and kidney disease.

Corina Lorz1, Alberto Benito, Alvaro C Ucero

  • 1Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain. clorz@ciemat.es

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
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Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) plays a role in diabetic nephropathy. Increased TRAIL expression and high glucose sensitize kidney cells to apoptosis, contributing to disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes, characterized by progressive kidney damage.
  • TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine implicated in cellular apoptosis and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TRAIL and its receptors in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
  • To explore the influence of hyperglycemia and inflammatory cytokines on TRAIL expression and function in renal cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of TRAIL and receptor expression in renal cells from patients with diabetic nephropathy.
  • In vitro studies using cultured renal cells exposed to high glucose and inflammatory cytokines.

Main Results:

  • Glomerular and tubulointerstitial expression of TRAIL is elevated in diabetic nephropathy.
  • Proinflammatory cytokines enhance TRAIL expression in tubular cells.
  • High glucose sensitizes renal tubular cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
  • Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor, is upregulated in diabetic nephropathy and counteracts TRAIL's effects.

Conclusions:

  • TRAIL and its receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
  • Hyperglycemia and inflammation exacerbate TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in the kidney.
  • OPG may act as a protective mechanism against TRAIL-induced damage in diabetic nephropathy.