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Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived iTenocytes via Combined Scleraxis Overexpression and 2D Uniaxial Tension

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived iTenocytes via Combined Scleraxis Overexpression and 2D Uniaxial Tension

Published on: March 1, 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells and tendon healing.

Alphonsus K S Chong¹, James Chang, James C H Go

¹Department of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore. alfchong@gmail.com

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)

|March 11, 2009

Summary

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies show promise for healing tendon injuries, which often heal poorly. Further research into MSC mechanisms and clinical applications is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

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Applying a Three-dimensional Uniaxial Mechanical Stimulation Bioreactor System to Induce Tenogenic Differentiation of Tendon-Derived Stem Cells

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived iTenocytes via Combined Scleraxis Overexpression and 2D Uniaxial Tension

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Applying a Three-dimensional Uniaxial Mechanical Stimulation Bioreactor System to Induce Tenogenic Differentiation of Tendon-Derived Stem Cells

Applying a Three-dimensional Uniaxial Mechanical Stimulation Bioreactor System to Induce Tenogenic Differentiation of Tendon-Derived Stem Cells

Published on: August 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Regenerative Medicine
Orthopedics

Background:

Tendon injuries present challenges due to slow, incomplete healing and high re-injury rates.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer potential therapeutic benefits for tendon repair.
Current understanding of MSC mechanisms in tendon healing requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current state and future directions of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapies for tendon injuries.
To highlight key research areas critical for advancing MSC clinical applications in tendon repair.

Main Methods:

Review of experimental and early clinical studies on MSCs for tendon injury.
Analysis of proposed mechanisms of action for implanted MSCs.
Identification of pivotal research areas for clinical translation.

Main Results:

Early clinical use in equine strain-induced tendon injury suggests MSC efficacy.
The precise mechanisms by which MSCs promote healing are not fully understood.
Allogeneic cell use, culture optimization, gene therapy, and mechanical stimulation are key research avenues.

Conclusions:

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy holds significant promise for improving tendon injury healing.
Continued research focusing on specific mechanisms and clinical optimization is essential for widespread adoption.