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Free-ranging macaque mothers exaggerate tool-using behavior when observed by offspring.

Nobuo Masataka1, Hiroki Koda, Nontakorn Urasopon

  • 1Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan. masataka@pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Plos One
|March 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Female long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) modify their tool use when infants are present. They appear to exaggerate this behavior, potentially to aid infant learning of tool use.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior
  • Animal tool use
  • Social learning

Background:

  • Tool use is observed in various animal species.
  • Mechanisms of tool use transmission within populations remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how tool use spreads in a population.
  • To observe tool use behavior in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis).

Main Methods:

  • Video-recording tool use in 7 adult female long-tailed macaques with infants.
  • Utilizing the focal-animal-sampling method.
  • Analyzing tool-using behavior in the presence and absence of infants.

Main Results:

  • Tool-using actions changed significantly when infants were present.
  • Behavior was more paused, repeated more often, and performed for longer durations.
  • Adult females modified their actions when their infants were nearby.

Conclusions:

  • Adult female macaques may exaggerate tool use to facilitate infant learning.
  • This suggests a potential mechanism for the social transmission of tool use in primates.