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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist
07:48

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Published on: April 25, 2018

T-cell artificial focal triggering tools: linking surface interactions with cell response.

Benoît Carpentier1, Paolo Pierobon, Claire Hivroz

  • 1Institut Curie, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, CNRS UMR 168, Université Paris VI, Paris, France.

Plos One
|March 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simplified model colloids mimic T-cell activation by targeting T-cell receptor CD3 (TCR/CD3) and leukocyte-function-associated antigen (LFA-1). This biophysical approach reveals contact nucleation

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A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

Published on: March 22, 2012

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation
10:31

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation

Published on: June 23, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist
07:48

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Published on: April 25, 2018

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
16:10

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

Published on: March 22, 2012

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation
10:31

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation

Published on: June 23, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • T-cell activation is crucial for immune response but poorly understood due to cellular complexity.
  • Interactions between T-cells and antigen-presenting cells involve multiple receptor-ligand pairs.
  • The link between molecular interactions and cellular responses in T-cell activation remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate T-cell activation using simplified model colloids.
  • To explore the relationship between receptor engagement and T-cell response.
  • To validate a biophysical approach for studying T-cell activation dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized immortalized Jurkat T cells and flow cytometry.
  • Employed model colloids engineered to target T-cell receptor CD3 (TCR/CD3) and leukocyte-function-associated antigen (LFA-1).
  • Monitored intracellular calcium concentration changes as a readout for T-cell activation.

Main Results:

  • Specific TCR/CD3 engagement with particles induced a transient calcium signal, validating the model.
  • Contact nucleation was identified as critical under dynamic conditions due to shear stress.
  • Incorporating LFA-1 ligands improved T-cell response at low TCR/CD3 densities, overcoming limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Model colloids effectively mimic T-cell behavior and induce relevant biological responses.
  • This biophysical approach offers valuable tools for studying initial T-cell activation events.
  • The findings may aid in designing artificial systems for adoptive immunotherapy.