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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

General Structure of a Vertebra

A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous column.
Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Intervertebral disc calcifications in children.

G Beluffi1, P Fiori, C Sileo

  • 1U.O.S. Radiologia Pediatrica, U.O.C. Radiodiagnostica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, V.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy. g.beluffi@smatteo.pv.it

La Radiologia Medica
|March 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intervertebral disc calcifications are rare in children, often found incidentally and typically resolving by age 20. Symptomatic cases may regress spontaneously, with surgery rarely needed.

More Related Videos

An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc
08:03

An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc

Published on: April 11, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc
08:03

An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc

Published on: April 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Skeletal Imaging
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Intervertebral disc calcifications (IDCs) are uncommon in pediatric populations.
  • Assessing the prevalence and clinical significance of IDCs in children is important for accurate diagnosis.

Observation:

  • A retrospective review of spinal radiographs in children aged 0-18 years was conducted over 26 years.
  • Intervertebral disc calcifications were identified in only six pediatric patients.
  • Clinical data included spinal symptoms, trauma, scoliosis, syndromes, bone dysplasias, and pre/postoperative imaging.

Findings:

  • Five of the six identified IDCs were asymptomatic, noted incidentally in patients with conditions like Patau syndrome, scoliosis workup, or dyspnea.
  • One symptomatic case presented with acute neck pain.
  • Calcification morphology varied (linear or round), and numbers ranged from one to five per patient.

Implications:

  • This study confirms that intervertebral disc calcifications are a rare finding in childhood.
  • Most pediatric IDCs are incidental and asymptomatic, often resolving spontaneously or before adulthood.
  • While generally benign, rare cases of symptomatic IDCs may require intervention for complications like spinal cord compression.