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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Acoustic microstreaming around an isolated encapsulated microbubble.

Xiaozhou Liu1, Junru Wu

  • 1Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|March 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Encapsulated microbubbles (EMBs) exhibit higher microstreaming velocity and stresses than free bubbles during ultrasound-driven oscillations. This analytical theory aids in understanding acoustic streaming for applications like sonoporation.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Microstreaming velocity and stresses are crucial for ultrasound-mediated phenomena like sonoporation.
  • Encapsulated microbubbles (EMBs) are increasingly used in biomedical applications, but their acoustic behavior requires detailed study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an analytical theory for calculating microstreaming velocity and stresses around EMBs.
  • To investigate the influence of EMB shell properties and gas content on acoustic streaming.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an analytical theory considering monopole and dipole motion of EMBs.
  • Derived analytical expressions for radial and tangential stresses near the EMB shell.
  • Performed numerical calculations using parameters relevant to sonoporation.

Main Results:

  • Microstreaming velocity and stresses are functions of the mechanical properties of the EMB shell and gas.
  • EMBs generate greater streaming velocity and stresses compared to free bubbles under identical ultrasound excitation.
  • Findings align with established theories on acoustic streaming near bubble boundaries.

Conclusions:

  • The developed analytical theory provides a framework for quantifying microstreaming around EMBs.
  • EMBs enhance acoustic streaming effects, suggesting potential for improved sonoporation efficiency.
  • Understanding these effects is vital for optimizing ultrasound-based drug delivery and gene therapy.