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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Published on: July 22, 2019

Pneumatic osteoarthritis knee brace.

Dimitrije Stamenović¹, Milos Kojić, Boban Stojanović

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA. dimitrij@bu.edu

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

|March 12, 2009

Summary

This study introduces a novel, lightweight knee brace for osteoarthritis using a pneumatic system. The soft brace design aims to reduce discomfort and improve load distribution, potentially outperforming current braces.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Published on: July 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Orthopedics and Biomedical Engineering
Biomechanical Engineering
Medical Device Design

Background:

Knee osteoarthritis requires long-term management.
Valgus knee braces improve the external adduction moment but can be bulky and uncomfortable.
Existing braces pose challenges for prolonged patient use.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel, lightweight knee brace for osteoarthritis.
To design a brace using soft, conforming materials and a pneumatic leverage system.
To theoretically evaluate the brace's efficacy in reducing knee joint loads.

Main Methods:

Development of a novel soft, conforming knee brace design.
Incorporation of a pneumatic leverage system for load reduction.
Finite-element analysis to simulate brace performance under pressure.

Main Results:

The proposed pneumatic brace design is lightweight and uses soft materials.
Finite-element analysis indicates the pneumatic brace can counterbalance a significant fraction of the external adduction moment.
The theoretical performance suggests it may exceed that of current braces.

Conclusions:

A novel pneumatic knee brace design offers a potentially more comfortable and effective solution for knee osteoarthritis.
This design could improve patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes.
Further clinical studies are warranted to validate the theoretical findings.